{"id":645,"date":"2025-12-14T21:00:22","date_gmt":"2025-12-14T21:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/user22.delovna.finki.ukim.mk\/?page_id=645"},"modified":"2026-02-21T17:18:50","modified_gmt":"2026-02-21T17:18:50","slug":"%d0%bf%d0%be%d1%87%d0%b2%d0%b0","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/user22.delovna.finki.ukim.mk\/en\/%d0%bf%d0%be%d1%87%d0%b2%d0%b0\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0430"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\"Topsoil-image-1\"<\/figure><\/div>
\"images<\/figure><\/div>
\"_130816677_gettyimages-653337614\"<\/figure><\/div>
\"Farmer<\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t
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<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Soil is formed under the influence of pedogenetic processes, which depend on the relief, geological base, climate and plant life. Due to their long-term effect, as well as due to human influence, soils have changed over time and reached different levels of development. In the Republic of Macedonia, there is a great diversity and mosaic of soil cover, with more than 30 soil types.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRegulations for <\/span>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsoil<\/b>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t|<\/span>\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Soil formation is an extremely slow process and therefore soil can be considered a non-renewable resource.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Soil is a dynamic and complex system with a key role for humans and ecosystems. It provides food and raw materials, serves as a basis for human activities, a habitat for numerous organisms, and a carbon sink. Soil also filters and transforms water and nutrients.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Regulations<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\n \n <\/div>\n \n
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\n\n \n \n Environmental Law\n \n <\/h5>\n
\n It regulates the system for the protection and improvement of the environment, including soil as an important natural resource. <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n
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\n \n Document <\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\n \n \n Nature Protection Law\n \n <\/h5>\n
\n It ensures the protection of natural values \u200b\u200band biodiversity, thus indirectly contributing to soil conservation. <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n
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\n\n \n \n The Law on Agricultural Land \n \n <\/h5>\n
\n It regulates the use, protection and management of agricultural land in order to prevent its degradation. <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n
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\n \n Document <\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\n \n \n \u0417\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u0448\u0443\u043c\u0438 \n \n <\/h5>\n
\n (Official Gazette No. 07\/2000 of 01.02.2000) - Updates the provisions of the Law on Forests with the aim of more efficient protection and use of forest resources. <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n
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\n\n \n \n Law on Spatial and Urban Planning \n \n <\/h5>\n
\n (Sl. Gazette 52\/05) - Regulates spatial planning for the purpose of rational land use and prevention of soil degradation. <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n
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\n\n \n \n Law on Amendments to the Law on Forests \n \n <\/h5>\n
\n (Official Gazette No. 54\/07 of 03.05.2007) - Introduces amendments to improve forest management and their protective function on the soil. <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n
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\n \n Document <\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\n \n \n Forest Law \n \n <\/h5>\n
\n (Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia, no. 47\/97, \u200b\u200b2\/00, 89\/04, 54\/07, 103\/08) - Regulates the management and protection of forests, which have a significant role in protecting the soil from erosion. <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n
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\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe need for soil protection and integrated soil management is outlined in <\/span>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0442 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0435\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0420\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0430 2006<\/b>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t|<\/span>\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The Republic of Macedonia ratified in 2002 the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, Particularly in Countries Experiencing Serious Drought \u2013\u00a0United Nation Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD).<\/a><\/strong><\/p>

The Kyoto Protocol indicates that soil is a major carbon sink that should be protected and enhanced where possible. Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils through certain management practices can contribute to climate change mitigation. The Republic of Macedonia has ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change \u2013\u00a0United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)<\/a>\u00a0in 1997 and ratified the Kyoto Protocol in 2004.<\/strong><\/p>

The Convention on Biological Diversity \u2013\u00a0Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD)<\/a>,\u00a0\u0420\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0458\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u043e 1997 \u0433\u043e\u0434.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043e \u0437\u0435\u043c\u0458\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0448\u0438 –\u00a0United Nation Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0434 \u041a\u0458\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043f\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0458\u0430\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 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\u041c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0458\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435 \u0420\u0430\u043c\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u041e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u2013\u00a0United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)\u00a0\u0432\u043e 1997 \u0433\u043e\u0434. \u0438 \u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0434 \u041a\u0458\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e 2004 \u0433\u043e\u0434. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u2013\u00a0Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD),\u00a0\u0420\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0458\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u043e 1997 \u0433\u043e\u0434.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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